Water in the form of rain falls from the sky and attempts to find the path of least resistance in its never ending quest to reach the lowest possible point. Often, that path is interrupted by man-made structures. Water, not knowing the difference between natural and man-made, continues the quest. Any crack, split, opening or cavity will be tested for integrity by the relentless force of gravity on water. Where the integrity has been compromised water will penetrate. In man-made structures, the penetration of water is generally considered a bad thing. Throughout history, man has used a variety of materials and methods to deter the penetration of water into the built environment. As an introduction to a series on waterproofing, this article will discuss the various categories of waterproofing and some of the major types used within each category.

For construction on land, waterproofing can fall into two major categories, below grade waterproofing and above grade waterproofing. Below grade waterproofing could be described as any material, method, or combination of both, used to contain the penetration of water that exists underground (in any form) into a structure. Subsequently, above grade waterproofing could be described as any material, method or combination of both, used to contain the penetration of water that exists in the atmosphere (in any form) into a structure.

Below grade waterproofing makes use of a variety of materials and methods. Asphalt based or chemical based coatings, sheet membranes, and clay like materials are a few of the products used. All require installation techniques and personnel who have been properly trained to achieve total waterproofing. Additional measures to ensure rapid removal of water from the area are often necessary to complete the job.

Above grade waterproofing takes form in roofing, siding, doors, windows, and coatings that either shed or repel water. Think of your own home. Roof shingles use the principle of multiple layers to shed water into the gutters. Gutters and downspouts are designed to move the water away from the structure. Siding again uses multiple layers to shed water, and paint or stain on the siding adds an extra layer of protection. Doors, and windows are designed not to leak, and the intricate puzzle of components such as flashing, drip caps, water tables and coatings ensure the exclusion of water.

In the weeks to come, some of the above mentioned methods or techniques will be discussed at a greater depth. Additionally, cost information for the materials, labor and equipment required will also be revealed.